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Framework 3-1-3 / Explore combinations of a few clearly defined choices

Morphological Analysis

Separate a problem into dimensions, combine one choice from each, and record why some combinations conflict.

When to use it

Use a morphological field to challenge a repeated solution or expose alternatives. Define the dimensions first, keep the choices distinguishable, then investigate combinations rather than treating the grid as a ranking.

What to bring

A bounded question, a few distinct dimensions, choices per dimension, compatibility evidence and unknown constraints.

What you will have

A choice field, traceable exclusions, a manually selected concept and its remaining validation needs.

How to use it

  1. Bound the object and select a manageable number of distinguishable dimensions.
  2. List identified choices, including existing conditions, without turning one proposal into several overlapping dimensions.
  3. Enumerate one choice from each dimension and reconcile the formal count.
  4. Record incompatible pairs and their reasons, then check complete configurations and distinguish constraints from preferences.
  5. Manually choose a concept to explain and investigate; do not rank it by the number of configurations.

Keep its limits in mind

Multiplying choice counts gives formal configurations, not feasible solutions or success probabilities. Pairwise consistency cannot establish whole-system feasibility, permission, desirability or commercial merit. Keep preferences distinct from contradictions, and revisit omitted or overlapping dimensions.

Fictional teaching example

Eight formal configurations, four internally consistent

Fictional teaching example: Starbridge Library Service explores after-hours returns. C4 contains 20 synthetic visits on Oct 12–14, 2026 (12 during staffed hours, eight outside), three people's writing records, pilot estimates and a hypothetical monthly model. People, permissions, prices and behavior are invented. No pilot or paid service has run.

Question and scopeC4 fictional returns; the desk is staffed only during opening hours. Anumbered stub is not confirmation of inventory receipt.One choice per dimension · highlighted choices are the supplied manualselectionT · Return timeT1 · Staffed hoursT2 · After hoursH · HandoffH1 · Staffed deskH2 · Locked boxC · ConfirmationC1 · On-site signatureC2 · Numbered stub8 formal configurations − 4 excluded = 4 internally consistent; not afeasibility result.T1 / H1 / C1T1 / H1 / C2T1 / H2 / C2T2 / H2 / C2Incompatible pairsT2 | H1 | No desk staff after hoursH2 | C1 | A box cannot issue an on-site signatureManually selected configurationT2 | H2 | C2Whole-configuration checks2×2×2=8; four excluded, four remain. T2/H2/C2 is manually chosen asconcept B. Check costs, safety, capacity, demand and whole-conceptconsistency; no pilot run.

On a small screen, scroll across the diagram to read it.

Reconcile the space: The two choices in each of three dimensions produce eight formal configurations. T2+H1 excludes two; H2+C1 excludes two different configurations. Four remain.

Trace the selection: Remaining configurations are T1/H1/C1, T1/H1/C2, T1/H2/C2 and T2/H2/C2. The last is manually chosen for explanation, not selected by a score or algorithm.

Result: Internal consistency under two constraints does not prove four feasible services. A stub, deposit and confirmed inventory receipt remain different events; budget and demand still require evidence.

Eight formal configurations reduce to four under two stated constraints; T2/H2/C2 is manually selected. A stub is not confirmed receipt, and consistency is not feasibility.

Next step: Check safety, collection duties, costs and readers' understanding before comparing possible pilots.

Three checks before multiplying the choices

First, pause when dimensions overlap or hide a complete solution. “Smart locker” is a concept, while return time, handoff, and confirmation describe different choices within a service. If one dimension already determines the others, inspect whether the field is creating duplicate configurations or disguising a predetermined answer.

Second, do not exclude a pair merely because the group dislikes it. Record whether the reason is a defined contradiction, a supplied operating condition, or a preference to discuss later. If evidence is missing, retain uncertainty rather than inventing an incompatibility. A new condition can change the exclusions and requires a fresh count.

Third, stop before calling the remaining set feasible. Passing a few pairwise checks cannot establish staffing, safety, capacity, permission, demand, or whole-service consistency. The field makes options and judgments traceable; it is not a probability model, a commercial ranking, or an automatic selector.

Choose between generating, combining, sequencing, and screening

Use a morphological field when the team can explain distinct dimensions and choices. If those choices do not yet exist, generate them first. If the missing question is what happens during delivery or whether a test fits limits, use a method that examines those matters directly.

Match the missing output to the method
Question and inputMethodOutput and limit
Distinct dimensions and identified choicesMorphological analysisFormal configurations with reasons for exclusions; no automatic feasibility.
A shared question but few candidate directionsBrainwritingIdeas and provenance; not compatibility evidence.
A selected concept needs handoffs and exceptionsBusiness process flowchartOperational sequence and decisions; no demand proof.
Concrete candidates have value and resource recordsValue-feasibility matrixBounded test discussion; authorization remains separate.

Enumerate all eight Starbridge configurations

The complete fictional C4 field concerns library returns. Time T has T1 staffed hours and T2 after hours. Handoff H has H1 staffed desk and H2 locked box. Confirmation C has C1 on-site signature and C2 numbered stub. The supplied conditions are that the desk has no staff after hours and a box cannot issue an on-site signature. A stub is not confirmed inventory receipt. No pilot or paid service has run.

Choosing one option from each of three two-choice dimensions yields eight formal configurations. T2 with H1 excludes two configurations; H2 with C1 excludes two different configurations. In this small field those excluded sets do not overlap, so four remain. The table retains all eight instead of presenting only the preferred concept.

T2/H2/C2 is manually selected as concept B for explanation. The field does not select it because it is after hours, because four configurations remain, or because the team drew it last. The three remaining staffed-hours configurations are retained as alternatives within this field. None has established reader demand or real-world feasibility.

Complete field and supplied exclusion reasons
Configuration T/H/CStatus under supplied conditionsReason or remaining limit
T1/H1/C1RetainedDesk signature during staffed hours; other checks still needed.
T1/H1/C2RetainedDesk and numbered stub are not excluded by the two rules.
T1/H2/C1ExcludedH2/C1: box cannot issue an on-site signature.
T1/H2/C2RetainedBox and stub during staffed hours; not proof of usefulness.
T2/H1/C1ExcludedT2/H1: desk is unstaffed after hours.
T2/H1/C2ExcludedT2/H1: no desk staff, regardless of stub.
T2/H2/C1ExcludedH2/C1: box cannot issue an on-site signature.
T2/H2/C2Retained; manually selected BAfter-hours box with stub; whole-concept checks unresolved.

Review the selected service beyond pairwise consistency

For concept B, explain separately how an item is deposited, how a reference is issued, who collects it, and when inventory receipt can be confirmed. A numbered stub may support tracing a claim, but it does not prove that the correct item was deposited or entered into inventory. Preserve the distinction in the proposed reader instructions.

Before proposing a test, investigate placement, access, collection duties, loss or damage handling, capacity, costs, and the relevant authority. These are questions, not discovered defects or completed approvals. If a further condition makes the selected configuration inconsistent, retain the reason and revisit the field rather than rewriting the original conditions.

At review, another reader should be able to reproduce all eight configurations, identify the four exclusions, and see why B was chosen for investigation. A count mismatch may reveal a duplicate, omitted combination, or double-counted exclusion. In a larger field, overlapping exclusions must be counted once; this example’s simple subtraction is not a universal shortcut.

If an authorized pilot later proceeds, record actual operating events, exceptions, and reader understanding against a defined task and window. Internal consistency and successful execution remain different checks, and execution does not establish commercial merit. The present output is a traceable concept and unresolved validation needs, not four ready-to-launch services.

Check your work

  • Every configuration takes one identified choice per dimension.
  • Formal and excluded counts reconcile with recorded reasons.
  • Consistency is not feasibility or approval; selection remains explicit.

Framework references

References explain the framework and its scope; they do not validate the fictional example's results.

Put the framework to work

Copy the outline and add your question, evidence, and open questions.

When to consider another framework

Value-feasibility MatrixWhen a few concepts and resource records are ready, compare value hypotheses and feasibility to discuss a test, keeping hard constraints and unknowns separate.